Commercial banks are business enterprises that perform the functions of financial intermediaries.So, they attract the savings of the population, capital, and other available funds, which are released during hozdeyyatelnosti, to provide for the use of other economic operators, temporarily in need of additional funds.
To meet these challenges, banks carry out banking operations.The main operations in this direction is an operation called active and passive.
passive operations of commercial banks needed to attract and concentration of capital as current assets.Active operations are intended placement of attracted resources for profit.Passive operations of commercial banks called operations accumulate their own resources, which are necessary to conduct active operations (including credit).
Formation of bank resources is due to the involvement of public funds in deposits, issuing bank securities, obtaining loans from banks and other operations, which result in an increase in funds, which appear at the disposal of the institution.
passive operations of commercial banks include acceptance of deposits;issue of bank securities (bills, bonds, savings, certificates of deposit);maintenance of accounts of various customers, including correspondent banks;repo operations;obtaining interbank loans, including a centralized credit resources;eurocurrency loans.
Commercial banks are specific institutions that, on the one hand, accumulate temporarily free money resources on the other - give their existing available funds in need rusursah enterprises and households for temporary use for a fee.
passive operations of commercial banks determine the size of bank resources and therefore determine the possible extent of their activities.When passive operations funds are concentrated on the passive or active-passive accounts of the bank.Passive operations help banks acquire loans on the open market.
There are four basic forms of passive operations: deductions from their own profits or to increase the formation of funds;Primary issuance of bank securities (equity contributions);obtaining loans from other entities;transaction deposits (customer deposits).
passive operations of commercial banks mediate the attraction of money, which are already in circulation.First of all, to the passive operations include deposit operations to attract funds of legal entities and individuals in deposits or term or on demand.That's deposit operations and constitute the bulk of the bank's liabilities.
Term deposits are determined by the terms prescribed in the contract.As such deposits shall be paid a higher percentage of remuneration than on demand deposits.The latter are funds in accounts that are linked to the implementation of the calculations and demand deposits.
active passive operations of commercial banks called commissions, brokering, which banks perform on behalf of clients for a fee - a commission.These operations are referred to as services.There are settlement services for domestic and international payments;trust services, which involve the purchase and sale of foreign currency by the bank, securities, precious metals on behalf of clients;mediation in the placement of bonds and shares;consulting and accounting services to clients and others.
